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Eastern Anatolia (Kars, Van, Erzurum)
Eastern Anatolia (Kars, Van, Erzurum)
Eastern Anatolia
Eastern Anatolia (Kars,
Van, Erzurum)
- Early/Prehistoric (Pre-3000 BC):
- Kura-Araxes Culture: Early trans-Caucasian herders and metalworkers who spread across the eastern highlands.
- BC (3000 BC – 1 BC):
- Urartians: Centered around Lake Van. They were rivaled only by the Assyrians and were master engineers, known for immense stone fortresses and intricate metalwork.
- Early Armenians & Persians: Fought over and settled the eastern frontiers, blending local traditions with Achaemenid Persian influence.
Bagratuni Kingdom
A thriving medieval Armenian kingdom that built the magnificent city of Ani (near modern Kars), known as the "City of 1001 Churches."
Saltukids & Early Turkish Beyliks
The first wave of Turkic tribes to establish principalities in the east following the Battle of Manzikert.
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